Frontiers | The relationship between leisure involvement and social inclusion among Chinese older adults: the mediating roles of flow experience and fear of missing out

March 24, 2026 - 15:40

New research reveals a significant link between active participation in leisure pursuits and greater social inclusion among older adults in China. The study specifically investigated how deep engagement in hobbies and social activities helps integrate seniors into community life.

The findings highlight two key psychological factors that explain this connection. First, the state of "flow"—the feeling of being completely absorbed and immersed in an enjoyable activity—plays a crucial mediating role. When older adults experience this deep enjoyment, it appears to naturally foster stronger social bonds and a sense of belonging.

Conversely, the research also identified the "fear of missing out" (FoMO) as another mediator, though with a more complex influence. This suggests that concerns about being excluded can sometimes motivate seniors to seek social connection through leisure, but the positive state of flow is the more dominant and beneficial pathway.

The study underscores the importance of promoting accessible and meaningful leisure opportunities for the aging population. By facilitating activities that induce flow, communities and policymakers can effectively combat social isolation and enhance the overall well-being of older citizens, contributing to a more inclusive society. The results offer valuable insights for developing programs that support healthy and engaged aging.